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Japanese Internment Camps
Back to Contents | Overview | Books | Government Resources | Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | Internet |
| Overview | General Resources The Asian-American Almanac:
A Reference Work on Asians in the United States. 1995.
See "Executive Order 9066"; "Fair Play Committee"; "Japanese Americans, internment during World War II"; "Munson, Curtis B."
Floor 2 Reference E 184 .O6 A824 1995 | Asian American Encyclopedia. 1995.
See "concentration camps" and "wartime relocation."
Floor 2 Reference E 184 .O6 A827 1995 | Asian-American Experience On File. 1999.
See "Japan Internment Camps" and "Daily Life of the Interment Camps."
Floor 2 Reference E 184 .O6 A8273 1999 | Britannica
Links to online encyclopedia entries, web sites, magazine articles, and books on the topic.
Sample search terms: japanese internment; war relocation center; internment camps | Dictionary of American History. 1976.
See "Japanese-American Relocation."
Floor 2 Reference E 174 .D52 1976 volume 3 | Japanese American History: An A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present.1993.
See "Manzanar incident"; "Office of Redress Administration"; names of camps [list]; "redress movement."
Floor 2 Reference E 184 .J3 J3355 1993 |
Statistics and Facts A Statistical Record of Asian Americans. 1993.
See "World War II internment."
Floor 4 Reference E 184 .O6 S73 1993 | Statistical Universe
Sample search term: internment |
Media Emi. 1978. (29 min.)
Floor 6 Learning Resource Center Video VC920094 Emiko Tonooka relives her experiences after she and her family were forced from their home in Puget Sound during World War II. Recorded from a broadcast of the program Pearls, October 21, 1982 by PBS. | A Family Gathering. 1989. (58 min.)
Floor 1 TMC-Non-books TMCVideotape 973.917 F198G
Floor 6 Learning Resource Center Video VC910031 Tells the story of the consequences of the U.S. internment policy and the Yasui family's long battle to reclaim their place as Americans. | Without Due Process: Japanese Americans and World War II. 1992. (52 min.)
Floor 6 Learning Resource Center Video VC970013 Describes the violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution, which insists on due process of law. Tells of the race prejudice, war hysteria, and failure of political leadership which resulted in the evacuation of Japanese Americans, and their placement in internship camps in California, Utah, Arizona, Idaho, and Arkansas. |
| Overview | Books | Government Resources | Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | Internet |
| Books | | Books on the evacuation, relocation and internment of Japanese Americans can be found by using the Catalog. |
| Perform a browse search by using the Library of Congress subject headings: Sample Subject Searches: - Japanese-American Relocation Center
- Japanese Americans--Evacuation and relocation, 1942-1945
- Japanese Americans--History--20th century--Sources
- World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps--United States
- World War, 1939-1945--Evacuation of civilians
- World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, Japanese
- World War, 1939-1945--Reparations
| Perform a keyword search by clicking the radio button adjacent to "anyword" Sample Keyword Searches: - civil right? japan?
- japan? internment
- internment camp?
- reparation?
- war relocation center?
- [names of specific war relocation centers]:
| Gila River | Minidoka | | Granada | Poston | | Heart Mountain | Rohwer | | Jerome | Topaz | | Manzanar | Tule Lake |
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| Overview | Books | Government Resources | Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | Internet |
| Government Resources | Milner Library is a Federal Depository Library. Its holdings include historical reports and documents produced by the federal government regarding the evacuation, relocation, and internment of Japanese Americans in the 1940s and subsequent reparations in the 1980s and 1990s. Many of the older reports are not accessible through Milner's online catalog. If you cannot locate what you are looking for, please seek assistance at the Reference Desk on Floor 2. EXECUTIVE ORDERS and
SUPREME COURT OPINIONS | Executive Order 9066 authorized the War Department to evacuate and incarcerate civilians as a "protection against espionage and against sabotage." Executive Order 9102 established the War Relocation Authority (WRA) which administered the concentration camps. The constitutionality of the relocation was argued in the Supreme Court in two cases: Hirabayashi v. United States and Korematsu v. United States. | Relocation Order--Presidential Executive Order 9066
Federal Register Volume 7, Number 38, February 25, 1942
Floor 2 Docs Reference [MFILM] REF. DOC. AE 2.106:7 An electronic image of the Executive Order as it appeared in the Federal Register in 1942. [Adobe Acrobat required] | Presidential Executive Order 9102
Federal Register Volume 7, March 18, 1942, p2165
Floor 2 Docs Reference [MFILM] REF. DOC. AE 2.106:7 | Hirabayashi v. United States(1943)
Text from Findlaw: [320 U.S. 81] U.S. Court Cases. 1991
Floor 2 Reference KF 385 .A4 U15 1991 volume 1
Synopsis of case. | Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Text from Findlaw: [323 U.S. 214] U.S. Court Cases. 1991
Floor 2 Reference KF 385 .A4 U15 1991 volume 2
Synopsis of case. Basic Readings in U.S. Democracy from the U.S. Department of State.
Background information on the Korematsu case. |
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS ISSUED DURING WWII WAR RELOCATION AUTHORITY REPORTS | | Milner Library has the ten final reports produced by the War Relocation Authority in 1946 and one report after that agency was renamed the War Agency Liquidation Unit in 1947. | | 1 | WRA: A Story of Human Conservation. 212 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:W 19/3 | | 2 | Wartime Exile: The Exclusion of the Japanese Americans from the West Coast. 167 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:W 19/3 | | 3 | Impounded People: Japanese Americans in the Relocation Centers.
239 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:W 19/3 | | 4 | The Relocation Program. 106 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:W 19/3 | | 5 | Wartime Handling of Evacuee Property. 113 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:P 94/2 | | 6 | Administrative Highlights of the WRA Program. 82 pages
Floor 2 DOC. I 52.2:P 94/2 | | 7 | Community Government in War Relocation Centers. 103 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:P 94/2 | | 8 | Legal and Constitutional Phases of the WRA Program. 59 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:P 94/2 | | 9 | Token Shipment: The Story of America's War Refugee Shelter. 104 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:P 94/2 | | 10 | The Evacuated People: A Quantitative Description. 200 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:P 94/2 | | | The People in Motion: The Postwar Adjustment of the Evacuated Japanese Americans. 1947.
270 pages
Floor 4 DOC. I 52.2:J 27/7 |
Other Government Reports Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites. 1999
Floor 4 DOC. I 29.92:74
Floor 3 D769.8.A6 C57 1999 [3 copies]
online copy http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/anthropolgy74/ | The Evacuation and Relocation of Persons of Japanese Ancestry During World War II: A Historical Study of the Manzanar War Relocation Center.
Floor 4 DOC. I 29.58/3:M 31/Volumes 1 and 2 | Papers of the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians [CWRIC]. 1984. (35 microfilm reels and index guide)
Floor 3 [MFILM] D 769.8 .A6 P37 1984 Papers consist of a vast quantity of documentary materials from all relevant federal agencies and state and private sources gathered by the CWRIC. Information was used to review the circumstances surrounding the decision to issue Executive Order 9066 and the manner in which the order was implemented. | Personal Justice Denied: Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians.1992.
Floor 2 DOC. Y 3.W 19/10:J 98 (two copies)
Floor 3 D 769.8 .A6 U39 1997 Narrative report on the internment and relocation of Americans of Japanese origin, 1942-44. Covers the background, causes, and effects of the internment. Also reviews treatment of German and Italian aliens in the U.S.; deportation of enemy aliens from Latin America to U.S. for repatriation; and evacuation of Aleuts from Aleutian Islands under Japanese attack or threat of attack. The report is based on 1981 Commission hearings with more than 750 witnesses, War Relocation Authority (WRA) documents, and numerous other government and private sources. Milner Library owns the microfilm copies of the documents used to prepare this report. See Papers of the U.S. Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians. |
REDRESS & REPARATIONS by the U.S. GOVERNMENT | During the Reagan-Bush years Congress moved toward the passage of Public Law 100-383 in 1988 which acknowledged the injustice of the internment, apologized for it, and provided a $20,000 cash payment to each person who was interned. | Japanese American Evacuation Claims Act of 1948, Public Law 80-886
United States Statutes at Large
Floor 4 DOC. GS 4.111:62 part 1 | Civil Liberties Act of 1988
For legislative background on this act, search Congressional Universe. | Office of Redress Administration: US Department of Justice: Civil Rights Division
http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ora/main.html
This government site answers frequently asked questions about internment; provides a clickable map of all US internment camps and more. See also the Justice Department's related Kid's page for Japanese Internment. | | Apology issued by President George Herbert Bush | For legislative reports and debate, search Congressional Universe.
Sample search terms: "japanese and internment"; "japanese and redress"; "wartime relocation and civilians" |
| Overview | Books | Government Resources | Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | Internet |
| Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | JOURNAL RESEARCH | Journal articles on the Internment Camps can be found in a variety of databases. Below is a list of useful databases. | America History and Life
America: History and Life indexes and abstracts more than 2100 social science and humanities journals in the field of United States and Canadian history. | EBSCO Academic Search Premier
Provides full text for over 1,250 journals covering the social sciences, humanities, general science, multi-cultural studies, education, and more. | JSTOR
(select "All History Journals")
As an electronic archives of core history journal, this database provides access to full text articles from among 15 history journals dating as early as 1892.
More information about JSTOR History Journals | P.A.I.S. (PUBLIC AFFAIRS INFORMATION SERVICE)
This library database indexes journal articles; books; government documents; statistical compilations; committee reports; directories; serials; reports of public, intergovernmental, and private organizations; and most other forms of printed literature from all over the world. The full-text of the articles is not available in the database. |
CURRENT INFORMATION & NEWS Magazines and newspaper articles on internment camps can be found in a variety of databases. Below is a list of useful databases. For more listings see Milner Library's General Indexes and Newspaper Indexes. | Academic Universe LEXIS/NEXIS
This library database contains the full-text articles from U.S. and international newspapers, magazines, wire services, newsletters, journals, and broadcast transcripts. | PerAbs
This FirstSearch database indexes magazines from a wide variety of topics. | Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature
Readers' Guide Abstracts and Full-Text indexes and abstracts more than 240 general interest periodicals, including the New York Times. |
EDITORIALS & OPINIONS Academic Universe LEXIS/NEXIS
This library database contains the full-text articles from U.S. and international newspapers, magazines, wire services, newsletters, journals, and broadcast transcripts. For editorials,
1) Type your keywords into the search box
2) In the Additional Terms box, type the phrase: section(editorial)
3) Select all available dates | Editorials On File
To read editorials on internment camps and a discussion of redress in U.S. and Canadian newspapers, see Editorials On File. Milner Library has holdings dating back to 1970.
Floor 2 Reference -- Ref D 410 .E35 |
| Overview | Books | Government Resources | Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | Internet |
| Internet Resources | GENERAL RESOURCES American Concentration Camps: Map
http://www.csuohio.edu/art_photos/map.html
Click on a location and see photographs and basic information of the camps. | Children of the Camps: The Japanese American WWII Internment Camp Experience
http://www.children-of-the-camps.org/ | Chronology of World War II Incarceration
http://www.janm.org/clasc/chronology.htm
By the Japanese American National Museum, this site provides a timeline of events leading up to Japanese internment during the 1940s. | Documents and Photographs Related to Japanese Relocation during World War II [from The Constitutional Community Lesson Plan series]
http://www.nara.gov/education/cc/relocate.html | A History of Japanese-American Internment
http://www.fatherryan.org/hcompsci/
By students of Father Ryan High School in Nashville, Tennessee, this site provides a list of camps, a timeline, the aftermath and more. | Japanese American Exhibit and Access Project
http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/harmony/
Camp Harmony exhibit, archive guide, and more. | Japanese American Internment
http://www.usdoj.gov/kidspage/crt/redress.htm
Page produced by the Department of Justice and intended for children, this site offers the historical background to the internment. | Japanese American Internment Memorial
http://www.scu.edu/SCU/Programs/Diversity/memorial.html
Site describing bronze memorial dedicated to Japanese Americans interned during World War II located in San Jose, California. | Japanese American Internment: Santa Clara Valley
http://www.scu.edu/SCU/Programs/Diversity/exhibit1.html
Visit this exhibit to learn of Japanese American internment and the people's attempts to create a home in these camps. | Japanese American National Museum
http://www.janm.org/
Site includes facts sheets regarding the relocation of Japanese Americans | Mass Incarceration Fact Sheet for America's Concentration Camps
http://www.janm.org/nrc/accmass.htm
From the Japanese American National Museum's National Resource Center. This short page summarizes statistics and other historic information regarding Japanese-American internment. | National Japanese American Memorial
http://www.njamf.org/memorial.htm
Description of memorial completed in May 2001 in Washington, D.C. | Office of Redress Administration: US Department of Justice: Civil Rights Division
http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ora/main.html
This government site answers frequently asked questions about internment; provides a clickable map of all US internment camps and more. | Relocation Camps: Life in the Relocation Camps
http://www.kent.wednet.edu/KSD/SJ/Nikkei/RelocationCamps.html |
SPECIFIC CAMPS Gila River, Arizona
Gila River Internment Camps, then and now
http://maverick.gc.maricopa.edu/terasaki/grmjndx1.html
From the Art department of Glendale Community College in Arizona. Images from
Butte Camp and Canal Camp. | Grenada (Amache), Colorado
Grenada Relocation Camp
http://www.csuohio.edu/art_photos/famalbum/nomura.html | Harmony, Washington
Camp Harmony
http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/harmony/Exhibit/default.htm
From the University of Washington Libraries, this site gives an overview of internment, Bainbridge Island information, the camp's administration and physical layout, work, school and play, and marriages, deaths and births in the camp. | Heart Mountain, Wyoming
Heart Mountain Digital Preservation Project
http://chem.nwc.cc.wy.us/HMDP/
Documents and photographs from the Heart Mountain Relocation Center Collection at the John Taggart Hinckley Library. | Manzanar California
Manzanar - America's Concentration Camp
http://members.aol.com/EARTHSUN/Manzanar.html
Photographs and history of Manzanar Internment Camp in California. Manzanar National Historic Site
http://www.nps.gov/manz/
Information from the National Park Service on the historic site. | Minidoka, Idaho
Kooskia Internees and Employees Sought
http://www.uidaho.edu/LS/AACC/kooskia.htm
From the Kooskia Internment Camp Project, this site summarizes
Japanese-American internment in Idaho including Kooskia Camp near Lowell and one at Minidoka, Idaho during World War II. | Topaz, Utah
Images from Topaz
http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/photo/9066/topaz.htm
Images from Topaz internment camp. | Tule Lake, California
Photographs from Tule Lake
http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/photo/9066/tule.htm
Photographs on living, education, labor and buildings from Tule Lake internment camp. |
ORGANIZATIONS Japanese American Cultural and Community Center
http://www.jaccc.org/ Started in 1980, JACCC is a non-profit organization IN L.A. with a mission to preserve and encourage an appreciation of Japanese and Japanese American heritage and cultural arts. | Japanese American Citizens League
http://www.jacl.org/ The JACL was founded in 1929 to fight discrimination against people of Japanese ancestry. It is the largest Asian American organization in the United States. | The Japanese American Network
http://www.janet.org/ The Japanese American Network (JA*Net) is a partnership of organizations that encourages the use of the Internet and interactive communications technologies to exchange information about Japanese Americans. It includes a section on Japanese Internment with a list of links and resources. |
| Overview | Books | Government Resources | Journals, Magazines & Newspapers | Internet |
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